build: Update dependencies and increase version

If the URI doesn't contain @ then there can't be a userinfo so
completely ignore this part of parsing to improve performance

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: erlef/setup-beam@v1
         with:
-          otp-version: "27.1.2"
+          otp-version: "28.0.4"
           gleam-version: "1.12.0"
-          rebar3-version: "3"
-          # elixir-version: "1"
+          rebar3-version: "3.25.1"
+          elixir-version: "1.18.4"
       - run: gleam deps download
       - run: gleam test
       - run: gleam format --check src test

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## v1.0.0
+
+- Initial Release
+
+## v2.0.0
+
+- Removed types.Uri. Now gluri uses the stdlib Uri type (and empty)
+
+## v2.0.1
+
+- Improved parsing performance significantly and reduced memory usage up to 50%
+- Significantly improved IPV4 parsing performance

README.md

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 Uri (RFC 3986) library for Gleam
 
-[![Package Version](https://img.shields.io/hexpm/v/uri)](https://hex.pm/packages/uri)
-[![Hex Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/hex-docs-ffaff3)](https://hexdocs.pm/uri/)
+[![Package Version](https://img.shields.io/hexpm/v/gluri)](https://hex.pm/packages/gluri)
+[![Hex Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/hex-docs-ffaff3)](https://hexdocs.pm/gluri/)
 
 ```sh
 gleam add uri@1

gleam.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name = "gluri"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "2.0.1"
 
 # Fill out these fields if you intend to generate HTML documentation or publish
 # your project to the Hex package manager.
@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ splitter = ">= 1.1.0 and < 2.0.0"
 [dev-dependencies]
 gleeunit = ">= 1.0.0 and < 2.0.0"
 startest = ">= 0.7.0 and < 1.0.0"
+glychee = ">= 1.1.2 and < 2.0.0"

manifest.toml

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 
 packages = [
   { name = "argv", version = "1.0.2", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = [], otp_app = "argv", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "BA1FF0929525DEBA1CE67256E5ADF77A7CDDFE729E3E3F57A5BDCAA031DED09D" },
+  { name = "benchee", version = "1.4.0", build_tools = ["mix"], requirements = ["deep_merge", "statistex", "table"], otp_app = "benchee", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "299CD10DD8CE51C9EA3DDB74BB150F93D25E968F93E4C1FA31698A8E4FA5D715" },
   { name = "bigben", version = "1.0.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["birl", "gleam_erlang", "gleam_otp", "gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "bigben", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "190E489610A80D76C48BACC75EB8314BD184FF0220AB0F251ABE760B993B91BB" },
   { name = "birl", version = "1.8.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_regexp", "gleam_stdlib", "ranger"], otp_app = "birl", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "2AC7BA26F998E3DFADDB657148BD5DDFE966958AD4D6D6957DD0D22E5B56C400" },
+  { name = "deep_merge", version = "1.0.0", build_tools = ["mix"], requirements = [], otp_app = "deep_merge", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "CE708E5F094B9CD4E8F2BE4F00D2F4250C4095BE93F8CD6D018C753894885430" },
   { name = "exception", version = "2.1.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "exception", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "329D269D5C2A314F7364BD2711372B6F2C58FA6F39981572E5CA68624D291F8C" },
   { name = "filepath", version = "1.1.2", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "filepath", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "B06A9AF0BF10E51401D64B98E4B627F1D2E48C154967DA7AF4D0914780A6D40A" },
   { name = "gleam_community_ansi", version = "1.4.3", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_community_colour", "gleam_regexp", "gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_community_ansi", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "8A62AE9CC6EA65BEA630D95016D6C07E4F9973565FA3D0DE68DC4200D8E0DD27" },
@@ -14,21 +16,24 @@ packages = [
   { name = "gleam_json", version = "3.0.2", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_json", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "874FA3C3BB6E22DD2BB111966BD40B3759E9094E05257899A7C08F5DE77EC049" },
   { name = "gleam_otp", version = "1.1.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_erlang", "gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_otp", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "7987CBEBC8060B88F14575DEF546253F3116EBE2A5DA6FD82F38243FCE97C54B" },
   { name = "gleam_regexp", version = "1.1.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_regexp", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "9C215C6CA84A5B35BB934A9B61A9A306EC743153BE2B0425A0D032E477B062A9" },
-  { name = "gleam_stdlib", version = "0.62.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = [], otp_app = "gleam_stdlib", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "0080706D3A5A9A36C40C68481D1D231D243AF602E6D2A2BE67BA8F8F4DFF45EC" },
+  { name = "gleam_stdlib", version = "0.63.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = [], otp_app = "gleam_stdlib", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "E1D5EC07638F606E48F0EA1556044DD805F2ACE9092A6F6AFBE4A0CC4DA21C2F" },
   { name = "gleam_time", version = "1.4.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_time", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "DCDDC040CE97DA3D2A925CDBBA08D8A78681139745754A83998641C8A3F6587E" },
   { name = "gleam_yielder", version = "1.1.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleam_yielder", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "8E4E4ECFA7982859F430C57F549200C7749823C106759F4A19A78AEA6687717A" },
   { name = "gleeunit", version = "1.6.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "gleeunit", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "FDC68A8C492B1E9B429249062CD9BAC9B5538C6FBF584817205D0998C42E1DAC" },
   { name = "glint", version = "1.2.1", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_community_ansi", "gleam_community_colour", "gleam_stdlib", "snag"], otp_app = "glint", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "2214C7CEFDE457CEE62140C3D4899B964E05236DA74E4243DFADF4AF29C382BB" },
+  { name = "glychee", version = "1.1.2", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["benchee"], otp_app = "glychee", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "41784216C213F223095BB3FC3EDDB60CC537835B2340A868EA3931193F7F3824" },
   { name = "ranger", version = "1.4.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib", "gleam_yielder"], otp_app = "ranger", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "C8988E8F8CDBD3E7F4D8F2E663EF76490390899C2B2885A6432E942495B3E854" },
   { name = "simplifile", version = "2.3.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["filepath", "gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "simplifile", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "0A868DAC6063D9E983477981839810DC2E553285AB4588B87E3E9C96A7FB4CB4" },
   { name = "snag", version = "1.1.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "snag", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "7E9F06390040EB5FAB392CE642771484136F2EC103A92AE11BA898C8167E6E17" },
   { name = "splitter", version = "1.1.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib"], otp_app = "splitter", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "05564A381580395DCDEFF4F88A64B021E8DAFA6540AE99B4623962F52976AA9D" },
   { name = "startest", version = "0.7.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["argv", "bigben", "birl", "exception", "gleam_community_ansi", "gleam_erlang", "gleam_javascript", "gleam_regexp", "gleam_stdlib", "glint", "simplifile", "tom"], otp_app = "startest", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "71B9CB82C4B8779A4BD54C7151DF7D0B0F778D0DDE805B782B44EFA7BA8F50DA" },
+  { name = "statistex", version = "1.1.0", build_tools = ["mix"], requirements = [], otp_app = "statistex", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "F5950EA26AD43246BA2CCE54324AC394A4E7408FDCF98B8E230F503A0CBA9CF5" },
   { name = "tom", version = "2.0.0", build_tools = ["gleam"], requirements = ["gleam_stdlib", "gleam_time"], otp_app = "tom", source = "hex", outer_checksum = "74D0C5A3761F7A7D06994755D4D5AD854122EF8E9F9F76A3E7547606D8C77091" },
 ]
 
 [requirements]
 gleam_stdlib = { version = ">= 0.44.0 and < 2.0.0" }
 gleeunit = { version = ">= 1.0.0 and < 2.0.0" }
+glychee = { version = ">= 1.1.2 and < 2.0.0" }
 splitter = { version = ">= 1.1.0 and < 2.0.0" }
 startest = { version = ">= 0.7.0 and < 1.0.0" }

src/gluri.gleam

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import gleam/int
 import gleam/list
 import gleam/option.{Some}
 import gleam/string
-import gleam/uri
+import gleam/uri.{type Uri}
 import gluri/internal/parser
 import gluri/internal/utils
-import gluri/types.{type Uri, Uri}
 
 /// Parses a string to the RFC3986 standard.
 /// `Error` is returned if it fails parsing.
@@ -151,32 +150,6 @@ pub fn are_equivalent(uri1: Uri, uri2: Uri) -> Bool {
   uri1 == uri2
 }
 
-/// Converts a uri library Uri value to the Gleam stdlib Uri value
-pub fn to_uri(uri: Uri) -> uri.Uri {
-  uri.Uri(
-    uri.scheme,
-    uri.userinfo,
-    uri.host,
-    uri.port,
-    uri.path,
-    uri.query,
-    uri.fragment,
-  )
-}
-
-/// Converts a Gleam stdlib Uri value to a uri library Uri value
-pub fn from_uri(uri: uri.Uri) -> Uri {
-  Uri(
-    uri.scheme,
-    uri.userinfo,
-    uri.host,
-    uri.port,
-    uri.path,
-    uri.query,
-    uri.fragment,
-  )
-}
-
 /// Decodes a percent encoded string.
 ///
 /// Will return an `Error` if the encoding is not valid

src/gluri/internal/utils.gleam

@@ -4,20 +4,24 @@ import gleam/list
 import gleam/option.{type Option, None, Some}
 import gleam/result
 import gleam/string
-import gluri/types.{type Uri, Uri}
+import gleam/uri.{type Uri, Uri}
 import splitter.{type Splitter}
 
-pub const scheme_port = [
-  #("http", 80),
-  #("https", 443),
-  #("ftp", 21),
-  #("ws", 80),
-  #("wss", 443),
+type Scheme {
+  Scheme(name: String, port: Int)
+}
+
+const scheme_port = [
+  Scheme("http", 80),
+  Scheme("https", 443),
+  Scheme("ftp", 21),
+  Scheme("ws", 80),
+  Scheme("wss", 443),
 ]
 
 pub fn get_port_for_scheme(scheme: String) -> Option(Int) {
-  list.find(scheme_port, fn(sp) { sp.0 == scheme })
-  |> result.map(fn(sp) { sp.1 })
+  list.find(scheme_port, fn(sp) { sp.name == scheme })
+  |> result.map(fn(sp) { sp.port })
   |> option.from_result
 }
 
@@ -82,6 +86,152 @@ fn merge_paths(base: Uri, relative: Uri) -> String {
   }
 }
 
+pub fn try_parsers(
+  over list: List(fn(String) -> Result(#(a, String), Nil)),
+  against static_data: String,
+) -> Result(#(a, String), Nil) {
+  case list {
+    [] -> Error(Nil)
+    [first, ..rest] ->
+      case first(static_data) {
+        Error(_) -> try_parsers(rest, static_data)
+        Ok(r) -> Ok(r)
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_min_max(
+  str: f,
+  min: Int,
+  max: Int,
+  parse_fn: fn(f) -> Result(#(String, f), g),
+) -> Result(#(String, f), Nil) {
+  do_parse_min_max(str, "", min, max, parse_fn)
+}
+
+pub fn do_parse_min_max(
+  str: d,
+  acc: String,
+  min: Int,
+  max: Int,
+  parse_fn: fn(d) -> Result(#(String, d), e),
+) -> Result(#(String, d), Nil) {
+  case parse_fn(str) {
+    Error(_) -> {
+      case min > 0 {
+        True -> Error(Nil)
+        False -> Ok(#(acc, str))
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(#(l, rest)) -> {
+      case max {
+        1 -> Ok(#(acc <> l, rest))
+        _ -> do_parse_min_max(rest, acc <> l, min - 1, max - 1, parse_fn)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_optional(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  with opt_fn: fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil),
+) -> #(String, String) {
+  case opt_fn(str) {
+    Error(Nil) -> #("", str)
+    Ok(r) -> r
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_optional_result(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  with opt_fn: fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil),
+) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil) {
+  parse_optional(str, opt_fn) |> Ok
+}
+
+pub fn parse_this_then(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  with parsers: List(fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil)),
+) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil) {
+  do_parse_this_then(str, "", parsers)
+}
+
+fn do_parse_this_then(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  from initial: String,
+  with parsers: List(fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil)),
+) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil) {
+  case parsers {
+    [] -> Ok(#(initial, str))
+    [head, ..tail] -> {
+      case head(str) {
+        Ok(#(res, rest)) -> do_parse_this_then(rest, initial <> res, tail)
+        Error(_) -> Error(Nil)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_multiple(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  with to_run: fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil),
+) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil) {
+  case do_parse_multiple(str, to_run, "") {
+    Ok(#("", _)) | Error(Nil) -> Error(Nil)
+    Ok(#(r, rest)) -> Ok(#(r, rest))
+  }
+}
+
+fn do_parse_multiple(
+  to_parse str: String,
+  with to_run: fn(String) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil),
+  acc ret: String,
+) -> Result(#(String, String), Nil) {
+  case str {
+    "" -> Ok(#(ret, str))
+    _ ->
+      case to_run(str) {
+        Ok(#(r, rest)) -> do_parse_multiple(rest, to_run, ret <> r)
+        Error(_) -> Ok(#(ret, str))
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn combine_uris(uris: List(Uri)) -> Uri {
+  list.fold(uris, Uri(None, None, None, None, "", None, None), fn(acc, uri) {
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(Some(scheme), _, _, _, _, _, _) -> Uri(..acc, scheme: Some(scheme))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(_, Some(userinfo), _, _, _, _, _) ->
+        Uri(..acc, userinfo: Some(userinfo))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(_, _, Some(host), _, _, _, _) -> Uri(..acc, host: Some(host))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(_, _, _, Some(port), _, _, _) -> Uri(..acc, port: Some(port))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(_, _, _, _, path, _, _) if path != "" -> Uri(..acc, path: path)
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    let acc = case uri {
+      Uri(_, _, _, _, _, Some(query), _) -> Uri(..acc, query: Some(query))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+    case uri {
+      Uri(_, _, _, _, _, _, Some(fragment)) ->
+        Uri(..acc, fragment: Some(fragment))
+      _ -> acc
+    }
+  })
+}
+
 pub fn normalise(uri: Uri) -> Uri {
   let percent_splitter = splitter.new(["%"])
   let percent_normaliser = normalise_percent(percent_splitter, _)
@@ -248,6 +398,10 @@ pub fn parse_hex_digit(str) {
   }
 }
 
+pub fn parse_hex_digits(str, min, max) {
+  parse_min_max(str, min, max, parse_hex_digit)
+}
+
 fn encoding_not_needed(i: Int) -> Bool {
   // $-_.+!*'()
   case i {

src/gluri/types.gleam

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-import gleam/option.{type Option, None}
-
-pub type Uri {
-  Uri(
-    scheme: Option(String),
-    userinfo: Option(String),
-    host: Option(String),
-    port: Option(Int),
-    path: String,
-    query: Option(String),
-    fragment: Option(String),
-  )
-}
-
-/// Blank Uri value
-pub const empty_uri = Uri(None, None, None, None, "", None, None)

test/benchmark.gleam

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import gleam/uri as uri2
+import gluri as uri
+import gluri/internal/parser
+import glychee/benchmark
+import glychee/configuration
+
+@target(erlang)
+pub fn main() {
+  configuration.initialize()
+  configuration.set_pair(configuration.Warmup, 2)
+  configuration.set_pair(configuration.Parallel, 2)
+
+  parse_benchmark()
+  // reg_name_benchmark()
+  // ip_benchmark()
+}
+
+@target(erlang)
+pub fn ip_benchmark() {
+  benchmark.run(
+    [
+      benchmark.Function("ip_benchmark", fn(data) {
+        fn() {
+          let _ = parser.parse_dec_octet(data)
+          Nil
+        }
+      }),
+    ],
+    [
+      benchmark.Data("173", "173"),
+      benchmark.Data("5", "5"),
+      benchmark.Data("200", "200"),
+      benchmark.Data("255", "255"),
+      benchmark.Data("fail", "2b"),
+    ],
+  )
+}
+
+@target(erlang)
+pub fn reg_name_benchmark() {
+  benchmark.run(
+    [
+      benchmark.Function("reg_name_benchmark", fn(data) {
+        fn() {
+          let _ = parser.parse_reg_name(data)
+          Nil
+        }
+      }),
+    ],
+    [
+      benchmark.Data("long", "github.com"),
+    ],
+  )
+}
+
+@target(erlang)
+pub fn parse_benchmark() {
+  benchmark.run(
+    [
+      benchmark.Function("parse_benchmark", fn(data) {
+        fn() {
+          let _ = uri.parse(data)
+          Nil
+        }
+      }),
+      benchmark.Function("stdlib_parse_benchmark", fn(data) {
+        fn() {
+          let _ = uri2.parse(data)
+          Nil
+        }
+      }),
+    ],
+    [
+      benchmark.Data(
+        "long",
+        "https://github.com/gleam-lang/stdlib/issues/523#issuecomment-3288230480",
+      ),
+      benchmark.Data("ipv4", "https://192.255.36.4/"),
+    ],
+  )
+}

test/gluri_test.gleam

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import gleam/list
 import gleam/option.{None, Some}
+import gleam/uri.{Uri, empty} as _
 import gleeunit/should
 import gluri as uri
-import gluri/types.{Uri, empty_uri}
 import startest.{describe, it}
 
 pub fn main() {
@@ -12,26 +12,22 @@ pub fn main() {
 pub fn parse_scheme_tests() {
   describe("scheme parsing", [
     it("simple parse", fn() {
-      uri.parse("") |> should.equal(Ok(types.empty_uri))
+      uri.parse("") |> should.equal(Ok(empty))
       uri.parse("foo")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "foo")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "foo")))
       uri.parse("foo:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"))))
       uri.parse("foo:bar:nisse")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "bar:nisse"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "bar:nisse")))
       uri.parse("foo://")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some("")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("foo:///")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), path: "/"),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), path: "/"),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:////")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), path: "//"),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), path: "//"),
       ))
     }),
   ])
@@ -42,34 +38,28 @@ pub fn parse_userinfo_tests() {
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("user:password@localhost")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("user"), path: "password@localhost"),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("user"), path: "password@localhost"),
       ))
       uri.parse("user@")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "user@")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "user@")))
       uri.parse("/user@")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/user@")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/user@")))
       uri.parse("user@localhost")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "user@localhost")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "user@localhost")))
       uri.parse("//user@localhost")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, userinfo: Some("user"), host: Some("localhost")),
+        Uri(..empty, userinfo: Some("user"), host: Some("localhost")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//user:password@localhost")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          userinfo: Some("user:password"),
-          host: Some("localhost"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, userinfo: Some("user:password"), host: Some("localhost")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:/user@")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/user@"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/user@")))
       uri.parse("foo://user@localhost")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           userinfo: Some("user"),
           host: Some("localhost"),
@@ -78,7 +68,7 @@ pub fn parse_userinfo_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://user:password@localhost")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           userinfo: Some("user:password"),
           host: Some("localhost"),
@@ -88,28 +78,18 @@ pub fn parse_userinfo_tests() {
     it("percent encoding", fn() {
       uri.parse("user:%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("user"),
-          path: "%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93",
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("user"), path: "%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
       ))
       uri.parse("%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@")))
       uri.parse("/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@")))
       uri.parse("%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")))
       uri.parse("//%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
           userinfo: Some("%E5%90%88"),
         ),
@@ -117,23 +97,19 @@ pub fn parse_userinfo_tests() {
       uri.parse("//%E5%90%88:%E6%B0%97@%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("%E9%81%93"),
           userinfo: Some("%E5%90%88:%E6%B0%97"),
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("foo"),
-          path: "/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@",
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93@"),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://%E5%90%88@%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           userinfo: Some("%E5%90%88"),
           host: Some("%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
@@ -142,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn parse_userinfo_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://%E5%90%88:%E6%B0%97@%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           userinfo: Some("%E5%90%88:%E6%B0%97"),
           host: Some("%E9%81%93"),
@@ -158,15 +134,15 @@ pub fn parse_host_tests() {
   describe("host parsing", [
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("//hostname")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("hostname"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("hostname"))))
       uri.parse("foo://hostname")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some("hostname")),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some("hostname")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://user@hostname")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           userinfo: Some("user"),
           host: Some("hostname"),
@@ -175,58 +151,43 @@ pub fn parse_host_tests() {
     }),
     it("ipv4 parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("//127.0.0.1")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("127.0.0.1"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("127.0.0.1"))))
       uri.parse("//127.0.0.1/over/there")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("127.0.0.1"), path: "/over/there"),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("127.0.0.1"), path: "/over/there"),
       ))
       uri.parse("//127.0.0.1?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("127.0.0.1"),
-          query: Some("name=ferret"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("127.0.0.1"), query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//127.0.0.1#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("127.0.0.1"), fragment: Some("nose")),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("127.0.0.1"), fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
 
       uri.parse("//127.0.0.x")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("127.0.0.x"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("127.0.0.x"))))
       uri.parse("//1227.0.0.1")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("1227.0.0.1"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("1227.0.0.1"))))
     }),
     it("ipv6 parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("//[::127.0.0.1]")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"))))
       uri.parse("//[2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:07ab]")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:07ab"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:07ab")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//[::127.0.0.1]/over/there")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"), path: "/over/there"),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"), path: "/over/there"),
       ))
       uri.parse("//[::127.0.0.1]?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("::127.0.0.1"),
-          query: Some("name=ferret"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"), query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//[::127.0.0.1]#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("::127.0.0.1"),
-          fragment: Some("nose"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("::127.0.0.1"), fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
 
       uri.parse("//[::127.0.0.x]") |> should.be_error
@@ -236,9 +197,9 @@ pub fn parse_host_tests() {
     }),
     it("ipvFuture parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("//[v9.abc:def]")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("v9.abc:def"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("v9.abc:def"))))
       uri.parse("//[v9b.abc:def]")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("v9b.abc:def"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("v9b.abc:def"))))
 
       uri.parse("//[vz.abc:def]") |> should.be_error
       uri.parse("//[va1.abc:d@ef]") |> should.be_error
@@ -250,32 +211,23 @@ pub fn parse_port_tests() {
   describe("port parsing", [
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("/:8042")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/:8042")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/:8042")))
       uri.parse("//:8042")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), port: Some(8042)),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), port: Some(8042))))
       uri.parse("//example.com:8042")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("example.com"), port: Some(8042)),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("example.com"), port: Some(8042)),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:/:8042")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/:8042"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/:8042")))
       uri.parse("foo://:8042")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("foo"),
-          host: Some(""),
-          port: Some(8042),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), port: Some(8042)),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://example.com:8042")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           port: Some(8042),
@@ -286,29 +238,20 @@ pub fn parse_port_tests() {
     }),
     it("undefined port", fn() {
       uri.parse("/:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/:")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/:")))
       uri.parse("//:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), port: None)))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), port: None)))
       uri.parse("//example.com:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("example.com"), port: None),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("example.com"), port: None)))
       uri.parse("foo:/:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/:"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/:")))
       uri.parse("foo://:")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), port: None),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), port: None),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://example.com:")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("foo"),
-          host: Some("example.com"),
-          port: None,
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some("example.com"), port: None),
       ))
       uri.parse(":") |> should.be_error
       uri.parse("//:x") |> should.be_error
@@ -320,17 +263,15 @@ pub fn parse_path_tests() {
   describe("path parsing", [
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("over/there")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "over/there")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "over/there")))
       uri.parse("/over/there")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/over/there")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/over/there")))
       uri.parse("foo:/over/there")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/over/there"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), path: "/over/there")))
       uri.parse("foo://example.com/over/there")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/over/there",
@@ -339,7 +280,7 @@ pub fn parse_path_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com:8042/over/there")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           port: Some(8042),
@@ -355,12 +296,12 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("foo:?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), query: Some("name=ferret")),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:over/there?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           path: "over/there",
           query: Some("name=ferret"),
@@ -369,7 +310,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo:/over/there?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           path: "/over/there",
           query: Some("name=ferret"),
@@ -378,7 +319,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           query: Some("name=ferret"),
@@ -387,7 +328,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com/?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
@@ -396,33 +337,25 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       ))
 
       uri.parse("?name=ferret")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "", query: Some("name=ferret")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "", query: Some("name=ferret"))))
       uri.parse("over/there?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "over/there", query: Some("name=ferret")),
+        Uri(..empty, path: "over/there", query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("/?name=ferret")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/", query: Some("name=ferret")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/", query: Some("name=ferret"))))
       uri.parse("/over/there?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/over/there", query: Some("name=ferret")),
+        Uri(..empty, path: "/over/there", query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//example.com?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("example.com"),
-          query: Some("name=ferret"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("example.com"), query: Some("name=ferret")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//example.com/?name=ferret")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
           query: Some("name=ferret"),
@@ -433,7 +366,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com/?name=%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
@@ -443,7 +376,7 @@ pub fn parse_query_part_tests() {
       uri.parse("//example.com/?name=%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
           query: Some("name=%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
@@ -458,12 +391,12 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
     it("simple parse", fn() {
       uri.parse("foo:#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("foo"), fragment: Some("nose")),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo:over/there#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           path: "over/there",
           fragment: Some("nose"),
@@ -472,7 +405,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo:/over/there#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           path: "/over/there",
           fragment: Some("nose"),
@@ -481,7 +414,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           fragment: Some("nose"),
@@ -490,7 +423,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com/#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
@@ -500,7 +433,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           fragment: Some("nose"),
@@ -508,31 +441,25 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       ))
 
       uri.parse("#nose")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, fragment: Some("nose"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, fragment: Some("nose"))))
       uri.parse("over/there#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "over/there", fragment: Some("nose")),
+        Uri(..empty, path: "over/there", fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
       uri.parse("/#nose")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/", fragment: Some("nose")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "/", fragment: Some("nose"))))
       uri.parse("/over/there#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/over/there", fragment: Some("nose")),
+        Uri(..empty, path: "/over/there", fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//example.com#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("example.com"),
-          fragment: Some("nose"),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("example.com"), fragment: Some("nose")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//example.com/#nose")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
           fragment: Some("nose"),
@@ -543,7 +470,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("foo://example.com#%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           fragment: Some("%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
@@ -552,7 +479,7 @@ pub fn parse_fragment_tests() {
       uri.parse("//example.com/#%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/",
           fragment: Some("%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E9%81%93"),
@@ -566,44 +493,25 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
   describe("special parsing", [
     it("special 1", fn() {
       uri.parse("//?")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), query: Some("")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), query: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("//#")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), fragment: Some("")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), fragment: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("//?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some(""),
-          query: Some(""),
-          fragment: Some(""),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), query: Some(""), fragment: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://?")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("foo"),
-          host: Some(""),
-          query: Some(""),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), query: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("foo"),
-          host: Some(""),
-          fragment: Some(""),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("foo"), host: Some(""), fragment: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some(""),
           query: Some(""),
@@ -611,23 +519,21 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("///")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "/")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "/")))
       uri.parse("///hostname")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "/hostname"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "/hostname")))
       uri.parse("///?")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "/", query: Some("")),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "/", query: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("///#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "/", fragment: Some("")),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "/", fragment: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("///?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           host: Some(""),
           path: "/",
           query: Some(""),
@@ -635,37 +541,23 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("//foo?")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("foo"), query: Some("")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("foo"), query: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("//foo#")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("foo"), fragment: Some("")),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("foo"), fragment: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("//foo?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          host: Some("foo"),
-          query: Some(""),
-          fragment: Some(""),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some("foo"), query: Some(""), fragment: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("//foo/")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("foo"), path: "/")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("foo"), path: "/")))
       uri.parse("http://foo?")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("http"),
-          host: Some("foo"),
-          query: Some(""),
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("http"), host: Some("foo"), query: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("http://foo#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           fragment: Some(""),
@@ -674,7 +566,7 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       uri.parse("http://foo?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           query: Some(""),
@@ -683,17 +575,12 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       ))
       uri.parse("http://foo/")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
-          scheme: Some("http"),
-          host: Some("foo"),
-          path: "/",
-        ),
+        Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("http"), host: Some("foo"), path: "/"),
       ))
       uri.parse("http://foo:80?")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           port: Some(80),
@@ -703,7 +590,7 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       uri.parse("http://foo:80#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           port: Some(80),
@@ -713,7 +600,7 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       uri.parse("http://foo:80?#")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           port: Some(80),
@@ -724,7 +611,7 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       uri.parse("http://foo:80/")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("foo"),
           port: Some(80),
@@ -732,13 +619,13 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("?")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "", query: Some(""))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "", query: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("??")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "", query: Some("?"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "", query: Some("?"))))
       uri.parse("???")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "", query: Some("??"))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "", query: Some("??"))))
       uri.parse("#")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "", fragment: Some(""))))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, path: "", fragment: Some(""))))
       uri.parse("##")
       |> should.be_error
       uri.parse("###")
@@ -748,7 +635,7 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       uri.parse("a://:1/")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("a"),
           host: Some(""),
           port: Some(1),
@@ -756,15 +643,15 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("a:/a/")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, scheme: Some("a"), path: "/a/")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, scheme: Some("a"), path: "/a/")))
       uri.parse("//@")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "", userinfo: Some("")),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "", userinfo: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://@")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some(""),
           path: "",
@@ -773,12 +660,12 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
       ))
       uri.parse("//@/")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "/", userinfo: Some("")),
+        Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "/", userinfo: Some("")),
       ))
       uri.parse("foo://@/")
       |> should.equal(Ok(
         Uri(
-          ..types.empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("foo"),
           host: Some(""),
           path: "/",
@@ -786,11 +673,9 @@ pub fn parse_special_tests() {
         ),
       ))
       uri.parse("//localhost:/")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(
-        Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some("localhost"), path: "/"),
-      ))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some("localhost"), path: "/")))
       uri.parse("//:")
-      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..types.empty_uri, host: Some(""), path: "")))
+      |> should.equal(Ok(Uri(..empty, host: Some(""), path: "")))
     }),
   ])
 }
@@ -1000,11 +885,11 @@ pub fn normalise_tests() {
       uri.parse("/a/b/c/./../../g")
       |> should.be_ok
       |> uri.normalise
-      |> should.equal(Uri(..empty_uri, path: "/a/g"))
+      |> should.equal(Uri(..empty, path: "/a/g"))
       uri.parse("mid/content=5/../6")
       |> should.be_ok
       |> uri.normalise
-      |> should.equal(Uri(..empty_uri, path: "mid/6"))
+      |> should.equal(Uri(..empty, path: "mid/6"))
     }),
     it("normalise ports", fn() {
       uri.parse("http://example.com:80/test")
@@ -1012,7 +897,7 @@ pub fn normalise_tests() {
       |> uri.normalise
       |> should.equal(
         Uri(
-          ..empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/test",
@@ -1023,7 +908,7 @@ pub fn normalise_tests() {
       |> uri.normalise
       |> should.equal(
         Uri(
-          ..empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("https"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           path: "/test",
@@ -1034,7 +919,7 @@ pub fn normalise_tests() {
       |> uri.normalise
       |> should.equal(
         Uri(
-          ..empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("http"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           port: Some(8080),
@@ -1046,7 +931,7 @@ pub fn normalise_tests() {
       |> uri.normalise
       |> should.equal(
         Uri(
-          ..empty_uri,
+          ..empty,
           scheme: Some("https"),
           host: Some("example.com"),
           port: Some(8043),
@@ -1146,7 +1031,7 @@ pub fn to_string_tests() {
   describe("to_string test", [
     it("simple test", fn() {
       let test_uri =
-        types.Uri(
+        Uri(
           Some("https"),
           Some("weebl:bob"),
           Some("example.com"),
@@ -1161,16 +1046,16 @@ pub fn to_string_tests() {
       )
     }),
     it("path only", fn() {
-      types.Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/")
+      Uri(..empty, path: "/")
       |> uri.to_string
       |> should.equal("/")
-      types.Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "/blah")
+      Uri(..empty, path: "/blah")
       |> uri.to_string
       |> should.equal("/blah")
-      types.Uri(..types.empty_uri, userinfo: Some("user"), path: "/blah")
+      Uri(..empty, userinfo: Some("user"), path: "/blah")
       |> uri.to_string
       |> should.equal("/blah")
-      types.Uri(..types.empty_uri, path: "")
+      Uri(..empty, path: "")
       |> uri.to_string
       |> should.equal("")
     }),

test/scratch.gleam

@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 // import gleam/result
 
-// import gleam/uri as uri2
+import gleam/uri as uri2
+
 // import splitter
 // import types.{Uri}
 
 import gluri as uri
 
 pub fn main() {
-  uri.parse("http://my_host.com") |> echo
+  // uri.parse("https://192.255.36.4/") |> echo
+  // uri.parse(
+  //   "https://github.com/gleam-lang/stdlib/issues/523#issuecomment-3288230480",
+  // )
+  // |> echo
+  let _ = uri.parse("/abc/def") |> echo
+  let _ = uri2.parse("/abc/def") |> echo
+  let _ = uri.parse("/abc/") |> echo
   Nil
 }

uri.abnf

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+URI           = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
+
+   hier-part     = "//" authority path-abempty
+                 / path-absolute
+                 / path-rootless
+                 / path-empty
+
+   URI-reference = URI / relative-ref
+
+   absolute-URI  = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ]
+
+   relative-ref  = relative-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
+
+   relative-part = "//" authority path-abempty
+                    / path-absolute
+                 / path-noscheme
+                 / path-empty
+
+   scheme        = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
+
+   authority     = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
+   userinfo      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
+   host          = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name
+   port          = *DIGIT
+
+   IP-literal    = "[" ( IPv6address / IPvFuture  ) "]"
+
+   IPvFuture     = "v" 1*HEXDIG "." 1*( unreserved / sub-delims / ":" )
+
+   IPv6address   =                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+                 /                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+                 / [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+                 / [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+                 / [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+                 / [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+                 / [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+                 / [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+                 / [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+
+   h16           = 1*4HEXDIG
+   ls32          = ( h16 ":" h16 ) / IPv4address
+   IPv4address   = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Berners-Lee, et al.         Standards Track                    [Page 49]
+
+RFC 3986                   URI Generic Syntax               January 2005
+
+
+   dec-octet     = DIGIT                 ; 0-9
+                 / %x31-39 DIGIT         ; 10-99
+                 / "1" 2DIGIT            ; 100-199
+                 / "2" %x30-34 DIGIT     ; 200-249
+                 / "25" %x30-35          ; 250-255
+
+   reg-name      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
+
+   path          = path-abempty    ; begins with "/" or is empty
+                 / path-absolute   ; begins with "/" but not "//"
+                 / path-noscheme   ; begins with a non-colon segment
+                 / path-rootless   ; begins with a segment
+                 / path-empty      ; zero characters
+
+   path-abempty  = *( "/" segment )
+   path-absolute = "/" [ segment-nz *( "/" segment ) ]
+   path-noscheme = segment-nz-nc *( "/" segment )
+   path-rootless = segment-nz *( "/" segment )
+   path-empty    = 0<pchar>
+
+   segment       = *pchar
+   segment-nz    = 1*pchar
+   segment-nz-nc = 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / "@" )
+                 ; non-zero-length segment without any colon ":"
+
+   pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+
+   query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+
+   fragment      = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+
+   pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+
+   unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+   reserved      = gen-delims / sub-delims
+   gen-delims    = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
+   sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+                 / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="